Design & Conversion of Gasoline Vehicle to CNG Electric Hybrid Vehicle

Supervisor: Col (R).Hamid Nawaz
Project Team: Jalal Zafar, Shahzad Saleem, Abid Imtiaz, Abu Sufyan

Objective

We intend to evaluate minimal travelling cost by designing and fabricating a CNG Electric Hybrid Vehicle. The vision behind this project is to cut the increasing fuel cost and Green house effect.

Main Description

The project is divided to attain two main objectives,

• Design and Fabrication of Electrical Hybrid Vehicle
• Performance evaluation

Series Hybrid

 

Parallel Hybrid

  

 

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics:

This studies the behaviour of how objects and systems behave as energy is transferred between them.

Means what happens to objects as energy is added and subtracted.

Two Fundamental Principles:

First Law:

Energy is always conserved. Energy may be transferred between objects and change from one type to another, but the total amount of energy is conserved.

Second Law:

The second law governs the type of energy processes that are possible. Heat energy cannot spontaneously flow from a hot object to a cold object.

APPLICATIONS:

Energy conserved within the

• Human body
• Electric Toaster
• Air-Conditioners
• Refrigerators
• Internal Combustion Engines
• Gas and Steam Turbines
• Energy Transmission Through objects

Theory of Vibration with Applications By Willia Thomson

Mechanicla Vibration by Rao

Wah Engineering College Projects Exhibition 2010

Introduction

At Wah Engineering College we believe in synergistic collaboration with the industry for achieving academic excellence. Our students develop a design & build project at the end of their studies in which they demonstrate their engineering skills to cater the industry needs. This year’s projects in discipline of Mechatronics, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering were displayed in an exhibition at WEC Hall on Thursday 26th August 2010.
This exhibition provided an excellent opportunity to industry managers for talent hunt as well as to look for new ideas for their products. So a job fair was also arranged at the venue of the exhibition.

Floor Plan of Exhibition Hall

 

List of Projects

Mechatronics Engineering Projects
		Robotic Hand for Disabled Persons Using EMG Signals
		Fuel-Less Electricity Generation
		Energy Management Unit for Alternate Energy
		Computerization of Flow Wrap Machine
Electrical Engineering Projects
		Car Safety Assistant
		Design of Analog I/O Interface with Signal Conditioning Features and Monitoring Device Using PLC
		Video Camera Based Corner Shot Gun
		Real Time Data Acquisition and Signal Processing of Brain Signals
		Robotic Arm Control Using EEG
		Remote Design a Device to Measure a Muzzle Velocity
		DC Drive Trainer for Single Quadrant Operation
		Telemetry Artillery Shell Projectile Trajectory
Mechanical Engineering Projects
		CFD Modeling of Airflow Over NACA Aero-File
		Manufacturing and Analysis of Alternate Fuel for Diesel Engine
		Designing & Fabrication of Working Model of the Sun, Earth Moon Rotation
		Design & Conversion of Gasoline Vehicle to CNG Electric Hybrid Vehicle and Undertake its Performance
		Shell and Spiral Coil Heat Exchange
		Implementation of Six Sigma Techniques for Enhancement of Productivity in POF Production Shop
		Designing and Fabrication of Solar Space Heating
		Design and Construction of Quad Rotor Flying Object
		Design and Construction of Remote Control Recon Ground Vehicle
		Implementation of JIT in Manufacturing Industry KSB Pumps
		Design and Analysis of Heat Exchanger for Waste Heat Recovery System in a Power Plant
		Fabrication of Solar Air-Conditioning Using Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Cycle
		Modal Analysis of a Composite Cantilever Beam

 

Alternate Fuel for Diesel Engine

Supervisor: Ms. Muazama Arshad
 Project Team: Sohaib Ashraf, Abdul Rehman, Rashid Mehmood, Tanveer ur Rehman

The New Generation Energy

Biodiesel has been gaining prominence in recent years. Clean and renewable, biodiesel has been touted as the answer to the issue of diminishing energy reserves.

Introduction

This project involves the study and investigation of waste vegetable oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Edible oils, which are used for several times and become unsuitable for further human use, will be used to make a cheaper fuel. In addition, the performance of engine should not be compromised.

Description

Due to overwhelming prices of fossil fuel, there is a need to find an alternate source of energy for our machines. Keeping this in view, we have taken biodegradable fuel as an alternative for fossils fuel in future and compared its different characteristics with ordinary diesel including engine efficiencies as well.

Block Diagram

Conclusion

• Non-toxic and biodegradable
• Increases life of engine
• Burns cleaner
• Safer than petroleum fuels
• Utilizes waste products
• Reduces waste products
• Reduces harmful pollutants emitted into the air
• Reduces economic losses to our agricultural industry

CFD Modeling of NACA-2415 Airfoil

Supervisor: Mr. Bilal Khan
Project Team: Rub Nawaz Khalid (ME3-2003), M. Farooq Haider (ME3-2006), Bushra Naz (ME3-2012), Adnan Mehmood (ME3-2014)

Introduction

The Aerodynamic field offers excellent career opportunities for anyone who is related to Mechanical field and has the necessary educational background including extensive training the project on “Airfoil modeling and simulation” covers the modeling (Gambit) details, simulation procedure, measuring the coefficients and finding the lift, drag and moment on different Mach no and different Angle of Attacks.

Main Description

This is basically a theoretical project on CFD Software. The project has following three main phases,

• Pre-processing which includes geometry creation and mashing by using GAMBIT software.
• Solving by using FLUENT as solver we determined the required parameters like lift, drag and moments.
• Post processing includes the interpretation of the results and comparison with reference results.

Block Diagram

Green Sand Molds

Casting metal is a simple process - you melt the metal, pour it in a mold, and let it harden. But the mold has to withstand the heat and pressure of the metal while holding it's shape. It's not as simple as it looks.

Making the mold.

For no particular reason, I decided to cast a small wedge and some ingots. Here I've filled and rammed the drag, and sprinkled it with diatomaceous earth as a parting compound

Read more »

Free Mechanical Engineering Software

All the software listed in this section is Windows based.

CAD Software
CAD/CAM Software
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Finite Element Analysis Software
Dynamic Simulation Software
Thermal Analysis Software
Utility Programs
Assorted software

their is variety of softwares which a mechanical engineer can use to draw the any machine part and also analyse that part of the machines under several conditions...

Like in Pro Engineer software we can draw any 3D part drawing of any machine...
Similarly in Ansys software we can draw and also analyse the part.

Pro Engineer for drawing the 3D parts

Ansys used for Analysis

          

Governor In Mechanical Engineering

Fig 28 simplified Mechanical-Hydraulic Governor

Diesel engine speed is controlled solely by the amount of fuel injected into the engine by the injectors. Because a diesel engine is not self-speed-limiting, it requires not only a means of changing engine speed (throttle control) but also a means of maintaining the desired speed. The governor provides the engine with the feedback mechanism to change speed as needed and to maintain a speed once reached.

A governor is essentially a speed-sensitive device, designed to maintain a constant engine speed regardless of load variation. Since all governors used on diesel engines control engine speed through the regulation of the quantity of fuel delivered to the cylinders, these governors may be classified as speed-regulating governors. As with the engines themselves there are many types and variations of governors. In this module, only the common mechanical-hydraulic type governor will be reviewed.
The major function of the governor is determined by the application of the engine. In an engine that is required to come up and run at only a single speed regardless of load, the governor is called a constant-speed type governor. If the engine is manually controlled, or controlled by an outside device with engine speed being controlled over a range, the governor is called a variable speed type governor. If the engine governor is designed to keep the engine speed above a minimum and below a maximum, then the governor is a speed-limiting type. The last category of governor is the load limiting type. This type of governor limits fuel to ensure that the engine is not loaded above a specified limit. Note that many governors act to perform several of these functions simultaneously.

Operation of a Governor
The following is an explanation of the operation of a constant speed, hydraulically compensated governor using the Woodward brand governor as an example. The principles involved are common in any mechanical and hydraulic governor.

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Two Stroke Diesel Engine

The Two-Stroke Cycle
Like the four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine must go through the same four events: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. But a two-stroke engine requires only two strokes of the piston to complete one full cycle. Therefore, it requires only one rotation of the crankshaft to complete a cycle. This means several events must occur during each stroke for all four events to be completed in two strokes, as opposed to the four-stroke engine where each stroke basically contains one event.

In a two-stroke engine the camshaft is geared so that it rotates at the same speed as the crankshaft (1:1). The following section will describe a two-stroke, supercharged, diesel engine having intake ports and exhaust valves with a 3.5-inch bore and 4-inch stroke with a 16:1 compression ratio, as it passes through one complete cycle. We will start on the exhaust stroke. All the timing marks given are generic and will vary from engine to engine.

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Engine Of a Car

How a Car Engine Works

A gasoline engine operates on the principle of combustion. A fuel/air mixture is pulled into a cylinder, the cylinder is then closed off and the piston is thrust upward to create compression. A spark is introduced to ignite the mixture to create combustion to thrust the piston downward in the engine block.

 

more detail here 

Bearings In Mechanical Engineering

Bearing 

         It is a mechanical device by which loads are transmitted through contacting surfaces 

         It is desired to minimize friction and wear

         Lubricant – material between surfaces that reduces friction and wear

         Any moving part of the machine has to be supported by a relatively stationary part which can be called bearing.

Types of bearings

       1) Sliding bearings (bushing, journal, sleeve)

       2) Rolling element bearings

       3) Fluid bearings.

       4) Magnetic bearings.

 Lubricants

        Oil – heavy petroleum distillate, animal oils, vegetable oils plus additives

        Grease – Used as a barrier to dirt and debris.  No circulation, thus no cooling or cleaning.

        Solid – graphite, Teflon

Mechanical Engine And Its Components

Study of the engine (petrol engine, diesel engine, rotary engine, stirling engine) is very important in Mechanical Engineering. It has a complete cource named as "IC ENGINES" which the student normally study in BSc Mechanical engineering in 6th or 7th semester.


These are the some pictures which explains you the Working of Engine and Its Different Parts


1.    working

2.       Components

 3.           Model

Differential Gear In Mechanical Auromobiles

Working of Differential Gear:

The differential has three jobs:  


•To aim the engine power at the wheels


•To act as the final gear reduction in the vehicle, slowing the rotational speed of the transmission one final time before it hits the wheels


•To transmit the power to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds.